As a building system, the characteristics of telescopic canopy structure mainly depend on its unique shape and its own performance. Because of its particularity, it can create some difficult things that cannot be realized by traditional building materials.

伸缩蓬结构的设计主要包括四个问题:形状设计、初始平衡形状分析、载荷分析和切割分析。通过造型设计，确定了建筑的平面形状尺寸、三维造型和净空体积，确定了各控制点的坐标和结构形式，选定了膜材料和施工方案。初始平衡形状分析称为找形分析。

The design of telescopic roof structure mainly includes four problems: shape design, initial equilibrium shape analysis, load analysis and cutting analysis. Through the modeling design, the plane shape and size, three-dimensional modeling and clearance volume of the building are determined, the coordinates and structural form of each control point are determined, and the membrane material and construction scheme are selected. Initial equilibrium shape analysis is called form finding analysis.

由于材料本身没有压缩和弯曲刚度，抗剪强度很差，其刚度和稳定性需要通过膜面曲率的变化和预应力来提高。对于膜结构而言，任何时候都不存在无应力状态，因此膜面形状须在一定的边界条件和一定的预应力条件下满足机械平衡，在此基础上进行荷载分析和剪切分析。

Because the material itself has no compression and bending stiffness and poor shear strength, its stiffness and stability need to be improved by the change of membrane surface curvature and prestress. For membrane structures, there is no stress free state at any time. Therefore, the shape of membrane surface must meet the mechanical balance under certain boundary conditions and certain prestress conditions, and the load analysis and shear analysis are carried out on this basis.

目前伸缩蓬结构的找形分析方法主要有动力松法、力密度法和有限元法。伸缩蓬结构所考虑的荷载一般为风荷载和雪荷载。膜材料在荷载作用下变形较大，荷载分布也随着形状的变化而变化。因此，要计算结构的变形和应力，须采用几何非线性方法。荷载分析的另一个目的是确定索和膜的初始预紧力。

At present, the shape finding analysis methods of telescopic roof structure mainly include dynamic loosening method, force density method and finite element method. The loads considered by the expansion canopy structure are generally wind load and snow load. The membrane material deforms greatly under load, and the load distribution changes with the change of shape. Therefore, the geometric nonlinear method must be used to calculate the deformation and stress of the structure. Another purpose of load analysis is to determine the initial preload of cable and membrane.

外部荷载的作用下,应力在一个方向上增加膜和在另一个方向的应力减少,这要求初始张应力的程度应当这样压力不会减少到零在不利的荷载,也就是说,不会有皱纹。由于膜材料相对较软，自振频率很低，在风荷载的作用下很容易产生风振，导致膜材料损坏。如果初始预应力施加过高，则膜材的涂膜量会增加，容易老化，强度储备不足。对受力构件的强度要求也很高，增加了施工和安装的难度。

Under the action of external load, the stress increases in one direction and decreases in the other direction, which requires that the degree of initial tensile stress should be such that the pressure will not be reduced to zero under adverse load, that is, there will be no wrinkles. Because the membrane material is relatively soft and the natural vibration frequency is very low, it is easy to produce wind vibration under the action of wind load, resulting in the damage of membrane material. If the initial prestress is applied too high, the coating amount of membrane material will increase, it is easy to age and the strength reserve is insufficient. The strength requirements of stressed components are also very high, which increases the difficulty of construction and installation.

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